The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of a selected weight training program on BODY composition and skinfold fat changes in different BODY sites of non-athlete females. For this purpose 20 non-athlete females with mean age of 36±2.6 years were selected randomly. Subjects attended in 4 weeks of weight training; 3 sessions per week, and 50 to 60 minutes per week. Variables under study were accordingly; Weight; height; skinfold fat (abdomen, thigh, triceps, subsapular, under-scapulae, supraillum and posterior lower leg); Percent BODY fat; and LEAN BODY MASS. Mentioned Variables, before the beginning of training period, and after the end of program were measured in pre and post tests - Acquired data were analyzed by using t-student test. The results of this study indicated that selected weight training program had significant effect on variables under study (P<0.05). Therefore we can conclude that program of weight training can have effect on BODY composition, especially on level of BODY fat.

Background/Objective: Inappropriate BODY composition is an important risk factor for many diseases especially cardiovascular disorders. Excessive visceral fat accumulation is an important health problem. Fat densitometry has been used for estimation of BODY fat for many years, but it does not measure visceral and subcutaneous fat separately. It is also based on con-diction of electricity in BODY, which makes it inappropriate in patients with metallic prosthesis or pace maker. Zoography is a very accessible technique, which may be used for evaluation of visceral and sub-coetaneous fat. The purpose of this study was to evil-ate sonographic prediction of BODY fat and LEAN BODY MASS Patients and Method: In 106 patients (63 men, 43 women mean; age 58/8 y) admitted in our hospital, monographic evaluation of abdomen was done for proper evaluation. The subcutaneous fat was measured at the paraumblical region (from skin to sheath of rectus abdominal muscle) and visceral fat was measured in right par renal space (from Gerona’s cap-slue to sheath of transverse abdominal muscle). The results were compared with BODY MASS index (BMI) and bioelectric fat densitometry. Results: The mean age of our patients was 58.8±1.1 years. Among them 59% were men and 41% were women. The mean BMI was 26.48±0.33, (in men 25.89±0.36, in women 27.33±0.61). Mean values of fat percent and fat MASS obtained by Electric method were 31.07±0.81% and 22.12±0.68 kg respectively. Mean values of subcutaneous fat and retroperitoneal fat obtained by sonography were 20.50±0.56mm and 24.14±0.58mm respectively. Correlation between BMI and Subcutaneous fat was 0.85 (P<0.001) and correlation between BMI and retroperitoneal fat was 0.46 (P<0.001). P-value of multiple regressions among sex and age and other factors was less than 0.05. Conclusion: sonography is a reliable and available method for estimation of LEAN BODY MASS instead of bioelectric fat densitometry.

Introduction: The increasing tendency for urban settlement and adapting to inappropriate lifestyles, such as insufficient physical activities, lead to the accumulation of calorie intake which, in turn, may induce diseases like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and cancer. On the other hand, due to the crucial roles of lipoprotein and triglyceride in the development of obesity and their positive relationship with atherosclerosis, special attention should be paid to these risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the association of BMI with serum lipid and lipoprotein. In particular, this study intends to answer this question: Which type of obesity (overall or central) associates with lipid profile.Materials and Methods: We carried out this case-control study on 336 patients admitted by the internal section of Shahrivar 17th Hospital during the years of 1387 and 1388 HS. Having taken a test of lipid profile, those patients who were not identified with exclusive factors were asked to fill out a questionnaire.Their measurements of weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and other necessary data were recorded.Results : The findings of the study suggest that in women BODY MASS Index (BMI) indicating overall obesity has positive relationship with total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL (P=0.0454, P=0.0327, P=0.0418, respectively) while such a relationship with HDL is negative (P=0.0419). In men, however, there wasn`t any relationship between BMI and lipid profile. Women’s waist to hip ratio (WHR), indicating central obesity, showed positive relationship with total cholesterol and triglyceride (P=0.0246, P=0.0001), but negative relationship with HDL (P=0.001). In men, waist circumference (WC), as an indication of central obesity, had a significant negative relationship with HDL (P=0.0370). As a whole, it was found that central and overall obesity cause negative change in lipid profile, but hip circumference indicating low obesity does not. Among the factors affecting lipid profile, age and sex were also investigated that showed relationship, but were not used for screening.Conclusion: Both BMI and WHR are used for recognizing the risk factors. Therefore, anthropometric indices can be used for identifying persons with atherosclerotic risk factors. Also, the existence of higher rate of negative change in women requires more attention.

The BODY freedom flutter phenomenon is one of the aeroelastic instabilities that occurs due to the coupling of the aeroelastic bending mode of the wing with the short-period mode in the flight dynamics of the aircraft. By using the aeroservoelastic model and applying closed loop control, this phenomenon can be suppressed in the operating conditions of the aircraft and the velocity of this event can be increased. The simplest model aircraft capable of displaying this instability includes the flexible wing and the planar flight dynamics model. For this purpose, the wing structure is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam and, the theory of minimum variable state is used to model unstable aerodynamics to make the conditions suitable for modeling the system in state space. In the control section, the elevator is used as the control surface and LQR theory with Kalman filter is used to BODY freedom flutter suppression. Finally, the effect of adding a closed loop control to increase the BODY freedom flutter velocity and the limitations of this work are studied.

INTRODUCTION: The age at menarche is different in various societies. There has been no study in this field in Kermanshah city; so the main goal of this study was to determine the age at menarche and it`s relation to the height, weight, BODY MASS index (BMI) and socioeconomic state of middle school students in Kermanshah city in 1999. MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The subjects were 810 middle-school girls that their menarche had been during 2 months before the study. The method of sampling was triple-stages clustering from three different socioeconomical districts of Kermanshah. The data was collected by a questionnaire including age, height, weight, parent`s job, parent`s level of education, race and age at menarche. The height and weight were measured and other data was collected by interviewing with the subjects.RESULTS: The age at menarche in our study was 13.4 ± 0.76 years. The height, weight and BMI of the subjects during menarche were 158.82 ± 5.78 cm , 44.01 ±7.30 kg and 17.67 ± 2.93 kg/m2 , respectively. The age at menarche wasn`t significantly related to height, weight and BMI. However, there was a significant relation between age at menarche and socioeconemic state of the middle schools; higher socioeconomic state was associated with lower age at menarche.CONCLUSION: To be decreased the age at menarche is due to higher socioeconomical state and it isn`t related to somatic characteristics (including height, weight and BMI) of the girls